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Global Gender Gap

topic v1.0.0 Agent-extracted

Gender inequality across economic participation, education, health, and political empowerment — what drives convergence and where gaps persist. Built on World Economic Forum Gender Gap Index, World Bank Gender Statistics, UNDP Gender Inequality Index, and Goldin's convergence thesis. Data covers 146 countries annually since 2006 with 14 sub-indicators.

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Domain: Global Gender Inequality

Measurement and determinants of gender gaps in economic participation, educational attainment, health outcomes, and political empowerment at the national level. Examines structural, cultural, and policy drivers of convergence (and persistent divergence) across countries and over time.

Period: 2006-present Population: Sovereign states (country-year, 146 countries in WEF panel) Level: macro

Overview

6
Constructs
5
Engines

Constructs

gender_wage_gap Gender Wage Gap

Male-female wage differential, measured as raw gap or residual gap after controlling for observable characteristics.

gender_gap_index Global Gender Gap Index

WEF composite index (0-1) averaging four sub-indices: Economic Participation & Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health & Survival, Political Empowerment. Each sub-index normalizes to the female-to-male ratio. 1.0 = full parity. Published annually since 2006 for 146 countries.

female_labor_force_participation Female Labor Force Participation Rate

Percentage of working-age women (15-64) who are employed or actively seeking employment. ILO modeled estimates. Global average ~47% vs male ~72%. Shows strong non-linear relationship with GDP — U-shaped curve (high in low-income agriculture, dips in middle-income industrialization, rises again in high-income service economies).

women_in_parliament Women in Parliament

Percentage of seats in national parliament (lower or single house) held by women. IPU data. Global average ~26.5% (2024). Strongest predictor: electoral gender quotas. Nordic countries lead (~45%) without quotas; Rwanda leads globally (61%) with constitutional mandate.

maternal_mortality_ratio Maternal Mortality Ratio

Deaths per 100,000 live births from pregnancy-related causes. WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA estimates. Ranges from <5 (Nordic, Japan) to >800 (Sub-Saharan Africa). The single largest gender-specific health inequality. Strongly correlated with skilled birth attendance and health expenditure.

gender_equality_paradox Gender-Equality Paradox

The counterintuitive finding that countries with higher gender equality show LARGER gender differences in STEM field choice and personality traits. Proposed mechanism: economic security in egalitarian countries allows intrinsic preferences to drive career choice, while economic pressure in unequal countries drives women toward high-paying STEM regardless of preference. Contested — may partly reflect measurement artifacts.

Engines

ols_regression instrumental_variables difference_in_differences correlation_matrix logistic_regression

Tags

topic

Details

Domain: Global Gender Inequality

Measurement and determinants of gender gaps in economic participation, educational attainment, health outcomes, and political empowerment at the national level. Examines structural, cultural, and policy drivers of convergence (and persistent divergence) across countries and over time.

Temporal scope: 2006-present | Population: Sovereign states (country-year, 146 countries in WEF panel)

Installation

Install this PAX into your Praxis instance:

praxis_import_pax("global-gender-gap.pax.tar.gz", install=True)