Returns to education and human capital economics — how educational attainment, cognitive skills, and schooling investment shape GDP growth and economic development. Built on Mankiw, Romer & Weil (1992), Psacharopoulos & Patrinos (2018), Hanushek & Woessmann (2012), Card (1995), and Barro (2001).
How educational attainment, cognitive skills, and schooling investment shape GDP growth, productivity, and economic development at the country level.
mean_years_schooling
Mean Years of SchoolingAverage years of formal education completed by adults aged 25+. Primary macro proxy for human capital stock.
cognitive_skills
Cognitive SkillsNational average score on internationally comparable standardized tests (PISA, TIMSS). Captures educational quality.
school_enrollment_rate
School Enrollment RateGross or net enrollment ratio at primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Flow proxy for human capital investment.
physical_capital_investment
Physical Capital InvestmentGross fixed capital formation as share of GDP. Key control in augmented Solow growth regressions.
Domain: Human Capital Economics
How educational attainment, cognitive skills, and schooling investment shape GDP growth, productivity, and economic development at the country level.
Temporal scope: 1950-present | Population: Sovereign states (country-year, 100-150 countries)
How education spending, access, and quality affect learning outcomes, human capital formation, and economic returns across countries.
Install this PAX into your Praxis instance:
praxis_import_pax("human-capital-economics.pax.tar.gz", install=True)